FHWA has developed a process for NEPA reviews for federal-aid highway projects, such as roads or bridges. Under NEPA, federal agencies evaluate the potential environmental impacts of proposed projects. Finally, 4 states pointed to potential duplication or overlap that did not stem from the interaction of state and federal requirements, such as the rework necessary to keep environmental reviews up to date. Further, 7 of the 10 states reporting no duplication allow for the adoption of a NEPA review to fulfill SEPA requirements. Generally, state officials explained that little duplication of effort occurs in state and federal review processes because these reviews are done concurrently by state officials able to address requirements with analyses used for different purposes without replicating effort. By contrast, 10 of the states in GAO's survey reported that there was no duplication in environmental reviews. Officials in 4 of the 18 states in GAO's survey identified instances of potential federal–state duplication in environmental review processes, stemming either from supplemental state requirements or from the lack of alignment between required federal and state review documents. Further, in the absence of required federal NEPA reviews, certain federal laws related to protection of parklands and historic preservation may not apply to a project, potentially affecting whether a project is determined to have significant impacts and whether those impacts are mitigated. Officials in 3 states told GAO that in practice they match FHWA's NEPA public involvement requirements for state-only reviews to meet public expectations, even if state law requires less. In addition, while state public involvement requirements are generally similar to FHWA's NEPA requirements overall, individual requirements vary, ranging from states that have no requirements to allow public involvement to others that may have more stringent requirements than FHWA's. However, officials in 7 states GAO surveyed reported that their SEPA requirements related to social and environmental justice impacts are less stringent than FHWA's NEPA requirements. For example, for the consideration of environmental impacts of a proposed highway project, a majority of states responding to GAO's survey indicated that their requirements are similar to FHWA's NEPA requirements overall. State environmental review requirements are generally similar to the FHWA NEPA process-including consideration of impacts, development and evaluation of project alternatives, mitigation of adverse project impacts, interagency coordination, and public involvement-although differences in specific requirements may affect key environmental decisions. Eighteen states have SEPAs required for highway projects, and 17 of these allow for the partial or full adoption of FHWA analyses or documentation to meet state environmental review requirements, according to GAO's survey of these states. Thresholds for environmental review vary under state environmental policy acts (SEPA) and may include project cost or length, whereas NEPA focuses on the potential for significant environmental impacts. Projects without federal highway funding usually do not require a Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) NEPA review, but NEPA reviews of highway projects may still be required to obtain federal permits. Imho, Kopia requires reading documentation, while Dupliacti is very simple to set and run.Three factors-project funding sources and project characteristics, and whether a state allows the adoption of federal review documents-generally determine whether a highway project needs a federal environmental review under the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) or a state environmental review under state law, or both. But, on the other hand, Kopia approach to the structure of backup is pretty different than Duplicati, Kopia operates at repository level (something like virtual drives), where one put different source directories. So no worry about corruption of database or loosing configuration files. Also, main benefit of Kopia, for me at least, is all the configuration files are in the destination. Kopia doesn’t have native OneDrive client, yet. Restore times are similar though (Kopia restores Skyrim directory in about 2min, zstd-max). Duplicati (zip, default)- 3:18m - 928 MiBĭupliacti (zip, default) - 6:42m - 1.79 MiB
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